This lesson focuses on the affirmative forms of the Present Simple, specifically for talking about the routines and habits of a third person (He, She, or It). This is where the verb changes by adding –s, –es, or –ies.

1. Lesson Goals

• Form affirmative sentences in the Present Simple tense using He, She, and It.
• Master the three main spelling rules for adding –s to verbs.
• Talk about someone else’s daily routine correctly.

2. Grammar Focus: The Third-Person Singular Rule

When the subject of your sentence is He, She, or It (or one person/thing, e.g., My mother, John, The dog), you must change the verb by adding –s to the end.

3. Spelling Rules for Adding -s

The spelling rule depends on how the base verb ends. There are three main rules to remember:

Rule 1: Most Verbs (Just add -s)

For most verbs, simply add –s to the end.

Rule 2: Verbs Ending in -s, -sh, -ch, -x, -z, or -o (Add -es)

If the verb ends with a hissing sound or ‘o’, we add -es.

Rule 3: Verbs Ending in Consonant + y (Change -y to -ies)

If the verb ends in a consonant (like ‘d’ or ‘t’) followed by –y, drop the y and add –ies.

⚠️ Irregular Exception: Have

The third-person singular form of have is has.

• She has dinner at 7:00 PM.
• He has a coffee every morning.

4. Practice: Transforming Routines

Your Task: Look at the ‘I’ sentences and rewrite them using He or She. Pay close attention to the spelling rules!

Activity 4.1: Routine Transformation Challenge

Your Task: The teacher describes her routine using I (e.g., I wake up, I brush, etc.). Now, imagine you are telling a friend about the teacher’s routine.

Rewrite the sentences using She. Remember to use the correct Present Simple form (add -s or -es to the verb) as necessary!

• I wake up at 7:00 a.m. → She wakes up at 7:00 a.m.
• I brush my teeth. → She ________ her teeth.
• I have breakfast. → She ________ breakfast.
• I go to work. → She ________ to work.
• I come home. → She ________ home.